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<p class=MsoNormal>O'HARA, P.D. &amp; K.H. MORGAN.<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp; </span>2006.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Do low
rates of oiled carcass recovery in beached bird surveys indicate low rates of
ship-source oil spills?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span><i>Marine
Ornithology </i><span style='font-style:normal'>34: 133-140.</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><![if !supportEmptyParas]>&nbsp;<![endif]><o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=MsoNormal>Oil pollution is a serious threat to marine ecosystems.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Beached bird surveys, which are
networks of volunteers who survey beaches for seabird carcasses, are conducted
world-wide.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Data from these
surveys have played a major role in determining that chronically occurring small-scale
oil pollution can have cumulative ecosystem-level impacts.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Within Canada, Newfoundland has
reported high rates of oiled carcasses in beached bird surveys (62%), whereas
oiled carcass densities in British Columbia (BC) are low (12%) compared to
Newfoundland and other parts of the world.<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp; </span>Here we present a “risk model” as an approach to
interpreting beached bird survey data. The model incorporates spatio-temporal
distributions of seabirds that are considered vulnerable to oil pollution,
shipping densities as a proxy for risk of oil spills, and the proximity of both
to areas where beached bird surveys are conducted.<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp; </span>Using the model, we identify BC surveys along the west coast
of Vancouver Island as most similar to surveys conducted in Newfoundland, and
we note that 56% of carcasses reported in those BC surveys were oiled, which is
similar to rates found in the Newfoundland surveys.<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp; </span>Finally, we emphasize that wind (speed, direction, and
persistence) and the location of beach surveys, relative to seabird distributions
and high-traffic shipping lanes, must be considered when interpreting beached bird
survey results.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Because wind data
is archived and publicly available, it can be used in reanalyzing older beached
bird data from BC.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Wind data would
also be useful for coordinating future survey efforts, leading to better documentation
of the oiling rates of birds off the coast of British Columbia.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Finally, our model provides a framework
for estimating the risk to seabirds of oiling at sea and for identifying
information gaps.<o:p></o:p></p>

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<p class=MsoNormal>Key words: shipping, oil pollution, British Columbia,
seabirds, beached bird survey, wind</p>

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