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<p class=MsoNormal>REGEHR, H.M., RODWAY, M.S., LEMON, M.J.F. &amp; HIPFNER,
J.M. 2007. Recovery of the Ancient Murrelet colony on Langara Island, British
Columbia, following eradication of invasive rats. <i>Marine Ornithology</i><span
style='font-style:normal'> 35: 137-144.</span></p>

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<p class=MsoNormal>Ancient Murrelets (<i>Synthliboramphus antiquus</i><span
style='font-style:normal'>) were nearly extirpated, and five other
burrow-nesting species were extirpated from Langara Island, British Columbia,
following introduction of first Black Rats (</span><i>Rattus rattus</i><span
style='font-style:normal'>) and later Norway rats (</span><i>Rattus norvegicus</i><span
style='font-style:normal'>).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Rats
were eradicated in 1995.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>To
document the apparent response of Ancient Murrelets to introduced rats and to
their removal, we compared colony surveys on Langara Island before (1981, 1988,
1993) and after (1999, 2004) rat eradication<span style='color:black;
layout-grid-mode:line'>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>We used
surveys on two other colonies with rats, and five without rats, as approximate
controls.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Colony area </span>decreased
while burrow density increased<span style='color:black;layout-grid-mode:line'>
on Langara Island in the presence of rats</span>.<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp; </span>These trends had reversed four years after rat removal.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>By 2004, the Ancient Murrelet colony
had expanded to twice its pre-eradication area (from 29 to 61 ha), but burrow
density decreased (from 1800 to 625 burrows / ha) such that the number of
burrows in the colony (38 176 in 2004) did not increase noticeably.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Overall, the estimated breeding
population almost doubled between 1999 (13 014 ± 2525) and 2004 (24 037 ± 4073)
primarily due to an increase in burrow occupancy relative to all previous
surveys (from an average of 35% to 63%), and was similar to that in other
rat-free colonies. Cassin’s Auklets (</span><i>Ptychoramphus aleuticus</i><span
style='font-style:normal'>), that also had been extirpated from the island by
rats, recolonized the island following rat eradication.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Comparison to other colonies with and
without invasive rats corroborated our conclusion that the Ancient Murrelet
colony was responding positively to a successful rat eradication, and that we
are <span style='layout-grid-mode:line'>beginning to achieve our goal of
restoring Langara Island as an important seabird breeding colony</span>.</span></p>

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<p class=MsoNormal><b>Keywords</b><span style='font-weight:normal'>: Ancient
Murrelet, Cassin’s Auklet, introduced predators, rat eradication, seabirds,
colony recovery</span></p>

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