þÿ<html xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> <head> <meta name=Title content="ANDERSON, E"> <meta name=Keywords content=""> <meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=unicode"> <meta name=ProgId content=Word.Document> <meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 11"> <meta name=Originator content="Microsoft Word 11"> <link rel=File-List href="37_1_19-27_files/filelist.xml"> <title>ANDERSON, E</title> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>ec</o:Author> <o:Template>Normal</o:Template> <o:LastAuthor>Benjamin Saenz</o:LastAuthor> <o:Revision>2</o:Revision> <o:Created>2009-10-12T16:52:00Z</o:Created> <o:LastSaved>2009-10-12T16:52:00Z</o:LastSaved> <o:Pages>1</o:Pages> <o:Words>285</o:Words> <o:Characters>1627</o:Characters> <o:Company>Environment Canada</o:Company> <o:Lines>13</o:Lines> <o:Paragraphs>3</o:Paragraphs> <o:CharactersWithSpaces>1998</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:Version>11.1280</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:PixelsPerInch>96</o:PixelsPerInch> <o:TargetScreenSize>800x600</o:TargetScreenSize> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:PunctuationKerning/> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Times New Roman"; 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LOVVORN, J.R.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>2009.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Changes in avifaunal abundance in a heavily-used wintering and migration site in Puget Sound, Washington during 1966 2007. <i>Marine Ornithology</i><span style='font-style:normal'> 37: 19-27.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal>A critical first step in guiding protection efforts for marine birds is comprehensive evaluation of monitoring results.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>In a preliminary study designed to facilitate such a synthesis in Puget Sound, Washington, we identified five survey programs that spanned large fractions of this region during 1966 2007.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>We focused this initial review on Padilla Bay, one of the sites most heavily used by wintering and migrating birds on the Pacific Coast.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Comparison during September to mid-May of Marine Ecosystems Analysis and Western Washington University shore-based surveys, two survey programs that used highly comparable methods, suggests that the combined density of all marine birds in Padilla Bay declined between 1978 1979 and 2003 2006.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>These overall declines occurred mainly during early winter (November) and especially during spring migration (mid-March to mid-May).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>During spring migration, species assemblages were highly dissimilar between 1978 1979 and 2003 2006.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Of 27 species and species groups we considered, six increased and 13 declined.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>These declines occurred across foraging guilds, and were large for many formerly abundant species.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>For example, typical maximum densities declined by about 75% (400/km<sup>2</sup> to 100/km<sup>2</sup>) for Brant <i>Branta bernicla</i><span style='font-style:normal'>, 80% (75/km<sup>2</sup> to 15/km<sup>2</sup>) for scaup (mainly Greater Scaup </span><i>Aythya marila</i><span style='font-style:normal'>), and 98% (&gt;50/km<sup>2</sup> to &lt;1/km<sup>2</sup>) for Western Grebes </span><i>Aechmophorus occidentalis</i><span style='font-style:normal'>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Results of aerial surveys during 1992 2007 by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife were consistent with most of the identified changes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Causes of decline are unclear for most species, but appear to be widespread.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Padilla Bay habitats and the many thousands of birds that depend on them face multiple threats.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><![if !supportEmptyParas]>&nbsp;<![endif]><o:p></o:p></p> </div> </body> </html>