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<p class=MsoNormal>JANSSEN, M.H., ARCESE, P., KYSER, T.K., BERTRAM, D.F.,
MCFARLANE TRANQUILLA, L., WILLIAMS, T.D. &amp; NORRIS, R.D.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>2009.<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp; </span>Pre-breeding diet, condition, and timing of breeding in a
threatened seabird, the Marbled Murrlelet Brachyramphus marmoratus.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span><i>Marine Ornithology</i><span
style='font-style:normal'> 37: 33-40.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

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<p class=MsoNormal>Marbled Murrelets <i>Brachyramphus marmoratus</i><span
style='font-style:normal'> are small, threatened seabirds that nest in old growth
coniferous forests along the west coast of North America and spend most of
their lives in nearshore waters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
</span>Recent evidence suggests that long term declines in pre-breeding trophic
feeding level may be associated with reduced reproductive success.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>To test the hypothesis that
pre-breeding trophic feeding level positively influences breeding success, we
investigated relationships between timing of breeding, female body condition,
and pre-breeding trophic feeding level.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
</span>We predicted that females feeding on higher trophic level prey prior to
breeding would be in better condition, and initiate egg production earlier,
than females feeding on lower trophic level prey.<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp; </span>Egg producing females were identified based on elevated yolk
precursor (vitellogenin) levels, and diet composition was inferred using
stable-carbon (δ<sup>13</sup>C) and -nitrogen (δ<sup>15</sup>N) analysis of
murrelet and prey tissues during the pre-breeding seasons of 1999, 2000, 2006,
and 2007 in Desolation Sound, British Columbia.<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp; </span>Contrary to our predictions, females feeding on a higher
proportion of low trophic level prey in 2007 were in better condition and more
likely to produce an egg early in the breeding season.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>However, differences in pre-breeding
diet between egg-producing females and non-egg producers were not consistent
among years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Although our results
suggest that low trophic level prey in pre-breeding diet promoted egg production
and breeding success in 2007, this was likely not the case in others years
studied.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>To reconcile results
presented here and previous work on diet composition and breeding success in
the Marbled Murrelet, we propose an alternative hypothesis of diet quality
incorporating optimal foraging theory, whereby the net energy gain from feeding
on a prey type is a function of its relative availability.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span></p>

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