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<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none'><span style='text-transform:
uppercase'>Good, T.P., June, J.A., Etnier, M.A. &amp;<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp; </span>Broadhurst, G.</span><span style='font-variant:small-caps'>
2009. </span>Ghosts of the Salish Sea: threats to marine birds in Puget Sound
and the Northwest Straits from derelict fishing gear<span style='font-variant:
small-caps'>.</span><i> Marine Ornithology </i><span style='font-style:normal'>37:
67-76</span><i>.<o:p></o:p></i></p>

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<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none'>Marine bird populations in the
Salish Sea (Puget Sound and the straits of Juan de Fuca and Georgia) are
impacted by a variety of anthropogenic factors, many of which threaten seabirds
globally.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Derelict fishing gear—lost
or abandoned commercial and recreational fishing nets, lines, pots, and traps that
sit or float underwater—can remain in the marine environment for years, trapping
and killing marine birds. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span>Since
2002, a project to remove derelict nets from Puget Sound and the U.S. portions
of the Straits of Georgia and Juan de Fuca has documented the mortality of
marine birds and other taxa.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Over
900 derelict fishing nets have been recovered from areas throughout Puget Sound
and the Northwest Straits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Of 870
gillnets recovered, 50% were documented to have been derelict for at least one
year, but many were much older and still entangling birds.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Most derelict gillnets recovered were
from the San Juan Islands and northern Puget Sound, from high relief rocky and
boulder habitats, relatively small in size (≤ 1000 m<sup>2</sup> in area), of
relatively recent construction and in relatively good condition, stretched open
to some extent (<i>i.e.</i><span style='font-style:normal'>, maximum suspension
&gt; 0 m), and recovered from depths above 20 m.<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp; </span>Of the marine organisms recovered from these gillnets, 514
were marine birds representing at least 15 species, all of which were recovered
dead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Marine birds occurred in 14%
of recovered gillnets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>Marine
birds were more likely to be present in gillnets recovered &lt; 1 year after
being reported to the project, recovered from the San Juan Islands/Strait of
Juan de Fuca, large in size (1000 - 14 000 m<sup>2</sup>), relatively new and in
good condition, having a maximum suspension &gt; 1 m, and recovered from
minimum depths of 20-40 m. <span style="mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp;</span>Mortality from derelict fishing gear should be recognized as
an additional risk for several marine bird species of conservation concern
and/or declining wintering populations in Puget Sound and throughout the Salish
Sea.</span></p>

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