þÿ<html> <head> <meta name=Title content="WHITTINGTON, P"> <meta name=Keywords content=""> <meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=unicode"> <meta name=ProgId content=Word.Document> <meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 11"> <meta name=Originator content="Microsoft Word 11"> <link rel=File-List href="37_2_139-152_files/filelist.xml"> <title>WHITTINGTON, P</title> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Times New Roman"; panose-1:0 2 2 6 3 5 4 5 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:0 2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2;} @font-face {font-family:"MS Mincho"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Arial;} table.MsoNormalTable {font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> </head> <body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US style='tab-interval:.5in'> <div class=Section1> <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>WHITTINGTON, P.A., MARTIN, A.P., KLAGES, N.T.W. &amp; SCHULTZ, A. 2009. Movements of the Kelp Gull <i>Larus dominicanus vetula</i></span><span lang=EN-CA style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'> to, from and within southern South Africa. <i>Marine Ornithology</i></span><span lang=EN-CA style='font-family: "Times New Roman"'> 37: 139 152.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Adult Kelp Gulls <i>Larus dominicanus vetula</i></span><span lang=EN-CA style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'> appear to be relatively sedentary, most movements occurring within 30 km of the ringing site. Juvenile birds dispersed rapidly, most movements being of less than 30 km, but some dispersed up to 935 km from the natal site. Adults and juveniles from two south coast colonies exhibited differing patterns and distances of movements and dispersal. Most birds from the Swartkops Estuary colony travelled to the south and west; those from the Keurbooms River colony, Plettenberg Bay, tended to go north and east. On average, dispersing juveniles travelled greater distances than adults did. It is possible that some juvenile birds followed the annual sardine migration towards the coast of KwaZulu-Natal. The Kelp Gull population within the study region appears to be ecologically separate from those found farther west, although a few birds ringed as pulli in the study area were recorded in the southwestern Cape. Movement patterns of Kelp Gulls in New Zealand and Australia are not dissimilar to those recorded in this study. Movements of Kelp Gulls away from the breeding colonies were almost certainly related to the availability and abundance of food. Dispersal among Kelp Gull juveniles allows birds to exploit easily obtainable food sources where competition from adults is less severe.</span></p> </div> </body> </html>