þÿ<html> <head> <meta name=Title content="CRAWFORD, R"> <meta name=Keywords content=""> <meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=unicode"> <meta name=ProgId content=Word.Document> <meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 11"> <meta name=Originator content="Microsoft Word 11"> <link rel=File-List href="37_2_159-174_files/filelist.xml"> <title>CRAWFORD, R</title> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Times New Roman"; panose-1:0 2 2 6 3 5 4 5 2 3;} @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:0 2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2;} @font-face {font-family:"MS Mincho"; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:Times-Roman; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:Times-Italic; panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Arial;} table.MsoNormalTable {font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> </head> <body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US style='tab-interval:.5in'> <div class=Section1> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-CA style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>CRAWFORD, R.J.M., WHITTINGTON, P.A., MARTIN, A.P., TREE, A.J. &amp; MAKHADO, A.B. 2009. Population trends of seabirds breeding in South Africa s Eastern Cape and the possible influence of anthropogenic and environmental change. <i>Marine Ornithology </i></span><span lang=EN-CA style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>37: 159 174.</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-CA style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;</span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-CA style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Eleven species of seabird breed in South Africa s Eastern Cape Province. Numbers of African Penguin <i>Spheniscus demersus </i></span><span lang=EN-CA style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>and Cape Gannet <i>Morus capensis </i></span><span lang=EN-CA style='font-family: "Times New Roman"'>in the province increased in the 20th century, but penguins decreased in the early 21st century. A recent eastward displacement of Sardine <i>Sardinops sagax </i></span><span lang=EN-CA style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>off South Africa increased the availability of this food source to gannets but did not benefit penguins, which have a shorter foraging range. Fishing and harbour developments may have influenced the recent decrease of penguins. Cape Cormorant <i>Phalacrocorax capensis </i></span><span lang=EN-CA style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>and Swift Tern <i>Thalasseus bergii </i></span><span lang=EN-CA style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>also feed on sardine and increased in the Eastern Cape in the early part of the 21st century. There has been a recent increase in the Kelp Gull <i>Larus dominicanus </i></span><span lang=EN-CA style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>population in South Africa s Indian Ocean sector, which includes the eastern portion of the Western Cape Province. Hartlaub s Gull <i>L. hartlaubii </i></span><span lang=EN-CA style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>and Damara Tern <i>Sterna balaenarum, </i></span><span lang=EN-CA style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>which have their main populations in the Benguela system off western southern Africa, were first recorded in the Eastern Cape in the late 1970s and later shown to be breeding there. Numbers of White-breasted Cormorant <i>P. lucidus </i></span><span lang=EN-CA style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>and Caspian Tern <i>Hydroprogne caspia </i></span><span lang=EN-CA style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>breeding in this province have been stable, but those of Grey-headed Gull <i>L. cirrocephalus </i></span><span lang=EN-CA style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>and Roseate Tern <i>St. dougallii </i></span><span lang=EN-CA style='font-family: "Times New Roman"'>have increased since the early 1990s. The former three species also breed at inland localities; the Roseate Tern is at the western extent of its distribution in the Indian Ocean. Although not yet breeding in the Eastern Cape, the Crowned Cormorant <i>P. coronatus, </i></span><span lang=EN-CA style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>another western species, has extended its range to this province. Congruent changes in the distributions and abundance of several marine species off South Africa, and similar changes elsewhere in the Indian Ocean, suggest that large-scale environmental change may be influencing the distribution and abundance of species. Conservation will need to account for these as well as for anthropogenic impacts.</span></p> </div> </body> </html>