Key words: Greater Crested Tern, body condition, chick growth, demography, reproductive success, reproductive timing, seabird, South Australia
References
AFAN, I., CHIARADIA, A., FORERO, M.G., DANN, P. & RAMIREZ, F. 2015. A novel spatio-temporal scale based on ocean currents unravels environmental drivers of reproductive timing in a marine predator. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 282: 20150721.
AINLEY, D.G., FORD, R.G., BROWN, E.D., SURYAN, R.M. & IRONS, D. 2003. Prey resources, competition, and geographic structure of kittiwake colonies in Prince William Sound. Ecology 84: 709-723.
ARNOLD, J.M., HATCH, J.J. & NISBET, I.C.T. 2004. Seasonal declines in reproductive success of the Common Tern Sterna hirundo: timing or parental quality? Journal of Avian Biology 35: 33-45.
BLUMS, P., NICHOLS, J.D., HINES, J.E., LINDBERG, M.S. & MEDNIS, A. 2005. Individual quality, survival variation, and patterns of phenotypic selection on body condition and timing of nesting in birds. Oecologia 143: 365-376.
BRUCE, B.D. & SHORT, D.A. (1990). Observations on the distribution of larval fish in relation to a frontal zone at the mouth of Spencer Gulf, South Australia. Bureau of Rural Resource Proceedings 15: 124-137.
BURNHAM, K.P. & ANDERSON, D.R. 2002. Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretical approach. New York, NY: Springer.
CAM, E., MONNAT, J. & HINES, J.E. 2003. Long term fitness consequences of early conditions in the kittiwake. Journal of Animal Ecology 72: 411-424.
CLUTTON-BROCK, T.H. 1988. Reproductive Success. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
COOCH, E.G. 2002. Fledging size and survival in snow geese: timing is everything (or is it?). Journal of Applied Statistics 29: 143-162.
DRENT, R.H. & DANN, S. 1980. The prudent parent: energetic adjustments in avian breeding. Ardea 68: 225-252.
DUNLOP, J.N. 1985. Reproductive periodicity in a population of Crested Terns, Sterna bergii Lichtenstein, in South-Western Australia. Australian Journal of Wildlife Research 12: 95-102.
DUNN, P.O. & WINKLER, D.W. 2010. Effects of climate change on timing of breeding and reproductive success in birds. In: MØLLER, A.P. FIEDLER, W. & BERTHOLD, P. (Eds.) Effects of Climate Change on Birds. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. PP. 113-128.
FORSLUND, P. & PART, T. 1995. Age and reproduction in birds-hypotheses and tests. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 10: 374-378.
FRACASSO, H.A.A. & BRANCO, J.O. 2012. Reproductive success of South American Terns Sterna hirundinacea from Cardos Islands, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences 84: 1-10.
FURNESS, R.W. & TASKER, M.L. 2000. Seabird fishery interactions: quantifying the sensitivity of seabirds to reductions in sandeel abundance, and identification of key areas for sensitive seabirds in the North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 202: 253-264.
GAUGHAN, D.J, MITCHELL, R.W. & BLIGHT, S.J. 2000. Impact of mortality, possibly due to herpes virus, on Pilchard Sardinops sagax stocks along the south west coast of Western Australia in 1998-99. Marine and Freshwater Research 51: 601-612.
GEBHARDT-HENRICH, S. & RICHNER, H. 1998. Causes of growth variation and its consequences for fitness. In: STARCK, JM, RICKLEFS, R.E. (Eds.) Avian Growth and Development. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. PP. 324-339.
GOLET, G.H., IRONS, D.B. & ESTES, J.A. 1998. Survival costs of chick rearing in black-legged kittiwakes. Journal of Animal Ecology 67: 827-841.
GREEN, A.J. 2001. Mass/Length residuals: measures of body condition or generators of spurious results. Ecology 82: 1473-1483.
HAMER, K.C., SCHREIBER, E.A. & BURGER, J. 2002. Breeding biology, life histories and life history environment interactions in seabirds. In: SCHREIBER, E.A., BURGER J. (Eds.). Biology of Marine Birds: 217-262. London, UK: CRC Press.
AODN Open access to ocean data [Online]. Australia: Integrated Marine Observing System. [Available online at: https://portal.aodn.org.au/. Accessed 23 December 2015].
LACK, D. 1950. The breeding seasons of European birds. Ibis 92: 288-316.
LACK, D. 1954. The Natural Regulation of Animal Numbers. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
LAMB, J.S, O'REILLY, K.M. & JODICE, P.G.R. 2016. Physical condition and stress levels during early development reflect feeding rates and predict pre and post-fledging survival in a nearshore seabird. Conservation Physiology 4: 1-14.
LANGHAM, N.P.E. & HULSMAN, K. 1986. The breeding biology of the Crested Tern Sterna bergii. Emu 86: 23-32.
LE CORRE, M., CHEREL, Y., LAGARDE, F., LORMEE, H. & JOUVENTIN, P. 2003. Seasonal and inter-annual variation in the feeding ecology of a tropical oceanic seabird, the Red-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda. Marine Ecology Progress Series 255: 289-301
LEWIS, S., WANLESS, S., ELSTON, D.A., ET AL. 2006. Determinants of quality in a long-lived colonial species. Journal of Animal Ecology 75: 1304-1312.
LIMMER, B. & BECKER, P.H. 2009. Improvement in chick provisioning with parental experience in a seabird. Animal Behaviour 77: 1095-1101.
LIMMER, B. & BECKER, P.H. 2010. Improvement of reproductive performance with age and breeding experience depends on recruitment age in a long-lived seabird. Oikos 199: 500-507.
MARITORENA S., SIEGEL D.A. & PETERSON A.R. 2002. Optimization of a semi-analytical ocean color model for global-scale applications. Applied Optics 41: 2075-2714.
MAUCK, R.A., HUNTINGTON, C.E & GRUBB, T.C. 2004. Age specific reproductive success: Evidence for the selection hypothesis. Evolution 58: 880-885.
McLEAY, L.J. 2010. The Life History Characters, Reproductive Constraints and Foraging Strategies of a Neritic Seabird, the Crested Tern. PhD thesis. Adelaide, South Australia: University of Adelaide.
McLEAY, L.J., PAGE, B., GOLDSWORTHY, S.D., ET AL. 2010. Fine-scale foraging behaviour and habitat use of a short-ranging seabird, the Crested Tern. Marine Ecology Progress Series 411: 271-283.
McLEAY, L.J., PAGE, B., GOLDSWORTHY, S.D., ET AL. 2009a. Demographic and morphological responses to prey depletion in a Crested Tern Sterna bergii population: Can fish mortality events highlight performance indicators for fisheries management? ICES Journal of Marine Science 66: 237-247.
McLEAY, L.J., PAGE, B., GOLDSWORTHY, S.D., WARD, T.M. & PATON, D.C. 2009b. Size matters: variation in the diet of chick and adult Crested Terns. Marine Biology 156: 1765-1780.
MONAGHAN, P., UTTLEY, J.D. & BURNS, M.D. 1992. Effect of changes in food availability on reproductive effort in Arctic Terns Sterna paradisaea. Ardea 80: 71-81.
NEWELL, M., WANLESS, S., HARRIS, M.P. & DAUNT, F. 2015. Effects of an extreme weather event on seabird breeding success at a North Sea colony. Marine Ecology Progress Series 532: 257-268. doi:10.3354/meps11329.
NISBET, I.C.T & WELTON, M.J. 1984. Seasonal variations in breeding success of common terns: consequences of predation. Condor 86: 53-60.
PAGE, B., McKENZIE, J., SUMNER, M.D., COYNE, M. & GOLDWORTHY, S.D. 2006. Spatial separation of foraging habitats among New Zealand fur seals. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 323: 263-279.
PERRINS, C.M. 1970. The timing of birds' breeding seasons. Ibis 112: 242-245.
PINAUD, D. & WEIMERSKIRCH, H. 2007. At-sea distribution and scale-dependent foraging behaviour of petrels and albatrosses: a comparative study. Journal of Animal Ecology 76: 9-19.
POLOVINA, J.J., BALAZS, G.H., HOWELL, E.A., PARKER, D.M., SEKI, M.P. & DUTTON, P.H. 2004. Forage and migration habitat of Loggerhead Caretta caretta and Olive Ridley Lepidochelys olivacea sea turtles in the central North Pacific Ocean. Fisheries and Oceanography 13: 36-51.
PYLE, P., SYDEMAN, W.J. & HESTER, M. 2001. Effects of age, breeding experience, mate fidelity and site fidelity on breeding performance in a declining population of Cassin's auklets. Journal of Animal Ecology 70: 1088-1097.
REGULAR, P.M., HEDD, A., MONTEVECCHI, W.A., ROBERTSON, G.J., STOREY, A.E. & WALSH, C.J. 2014. Why timing is everything: Energetic costs and reproductive consequences of resource mismatch for a chick rearing seabird. Ecosphere 5(12): Article155.
RICHNER, H. 1989a. Habitat-specific growth and fitness in Carrion Crows Corvus corone corone. Journal of Animal Ecology 58: 427-440.
RICHNER, H. 1989b. Phenotypic correlates of dominance in Carrion Crows and their effects on access to food. Animal Behaviour 38: 606-612.
RICHNER, H., SCHNEITER, P. & STIRNIMANN, H. 1989. Life history consequences of growth rate depression: An experimental study on Carrion Crows Corvus corone corone. Functional Ecology 36: 617-624.
RICKLEFS, R.E. 1968. Patterns of growth in birds. Ibis 110: 419-451.
SCHEW, W.A. & RICKLEFS, R.E. 1998. Developmental plasticity. In: STARCK, J.M. & RICKLEFS, R.E. (Eds.). Avian Growth and Development. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. PP. 288-304.
SCHREIBER, E.A. 2002. Climate and weather effects on seabirds. In: SCHREIBER, E.A., BURGER J. (Eds.). Biology of Marine Birds. London, UK: CRC Press. PP. 179-216.
SMITH, G.C. 1993. Feeding and breeding of Crested Terns at a tropical locality—comparison with sympatric Black-naped Terns. Emu 93: 65-70.
STIENEN, E.W.M. & BRENNINKMEIJER, A. 1999. Keep the chicks moving: how Sandwich Terns can minimise kleptoparasitism by Black-headed Gulls. Animal Behaviour 57: 1135-1144.
SURYAN, R.M., SATO, F., BALOGH, G.R., HYRENBACH, K.D., SIEVERT, P.R. & OZAKI K. 2006. Foraging destinations and marine habitat use of Short-tailed Albatrosses: a multi-scale approach using first-passage time analysis. Deep-sea Research II 53: 370-386.
SYDEMAN, W.J., PENNIMAN, J.F., PENNIMAN, T.M., PYLE, P. & AINLEY, D.G. 1991. Breeding performance in the Western Gull: effects of parental age, timing of breeding and year in relation to food availability. Journal of Animal Ecology 60: 135-149.
WALKER, T.A. 1992. A record Crested Tern Sterna bergii colony and concentrated breeding by seabirds in the Gulf of Carpentaria. Emu 93: 65-70.
WARD, T.M., HOEDT, F., McLEAY, L.J., ET AL. 2001. Effects of the 1995 and 1998 mass mortality events on the spawning biomass of sardine Sardinops sagax in South Australian waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science 58: 865-875.
WARD, T.M. & STAUNTON-SMITH, J. 2002. Comparison of the spawning patterns and fisheries biology of the sardine Sardinops sagax in temperate South Australia and sub-tropical southern Queensland. Fisheries Research 56: 37-49.
WARD, T.M., WHITTON, A.R. & IVEY, A.R. 2015. South Australian sardine fishery: stock assessment report 2015. Report to PIRSA Fisheries and Aquaculture. SARDI Publication No. F2007/000765-5. SARDI Research Report Series No 877. Adelaide, South Australia: South Australian research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences).
WATERMAN, M., MURRAY, M.D. & CONNELL, D. 2003. Dispersal of Crested Terns Sterna bergii from colonies in South Australia. Corella 27: 93-101.
WEIMERSKIRCH, H. 1992. Reproductive effort in long lived birds: age specific patterns of condition, reproduction and survival in the wandering albatross. Oikos 64: 464-473.
WENDELN, H. & BECKER, P.H. 1999. Effects of parental quality and effort on the reproduction of Common Terns. Journal of Animal Ecology 68: 205-214.
ZHANG, H., REBKE, M., BECKER, P.H. & BOUWHUIS, S. 2015. Fitness prospects: effects of age, sex and recruitment age on reproductive value in a long-lived seabird. Journal of Animal Ecology 84: 199-207.