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Satellite tracking of Galapagos Petrel Pterodroma phaeopygia reveals distribution and movements during chick rearing.


Authors

CAROLINA B. PROAÑO1,4*, SEBASTIAN M. CRUZ2,1, JOSH ADAMS3, & MARTIN WIKELSKI1,4
1Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany *(carolina.bps@gmail.com)
2American Bird Conservancy, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador
3U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Santa Cruz, California, USA
4University of Konstanz, Department of Biology, Konstanz, Germany

Citation

Proaño, C. B., Cruz, S. M., Adams, J., & Wikelski, M. (2026). Satellite tracking of Galapagos Petrel Pterodroma phaeopygia reveals distribution and movements during chick rearing. Marine Ornithology, 54(1), 63-74.
http://doi.org/10.5038/2074-1235.54.1.1678

Received 23 April 2025, accepted 27 October 2025

Date Published: 2026/04/15
Date Online: 2026/04/06
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Key words: foraging, Galápagos Marine Reserve, Galapagos Petrel, Hermandad Marine Reserve, Humboldt squid fisheries, marine protected areas, movement ecology, satellite telemetry, seabird

Abstract

We tracked 19 adult Galapagos Petrels Pterodroma phaeopygia during the chick-rearing seasons in 2009 and 2010 (Santa Cruz Island [n = 16] and Floreana Island [n = 3]) in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. Eight petrels performed 27 complete foraging trips lasting 0.6 to 18.8 days. Short trips (3.2 ± 2.1 days; 785 km; max displacement 671 km) and long trips (10.8 ± 3.9 days; 2,856 km; max displacement 1,034 km) resulted in concentrated use of waters off southern and western Isabela Island and within the Galápagos Marine Reserve (GMR). Less concentrated time extended farther southwest and eastward, in that case toward mainland Ecuador. Total distance covered among all completed trips, independent of duration, was strongly correlated with trip duration (R² = 0.92), indicating a strategy favoring active searching and foraging over commuting. Petrels ranged across Ecuador's exclusive economic zone (EEZ), as well as other countries' (Colombia, Costa Rica, Perú), and waters beyond; they spent 46%, 27%, and 34% of their time in the GMR during short, long, and apparent (incomplete) trips, respectively. However, overlap with EEZs or marine protected areas (MPAs) does not necessarily confer protection, because commercial tuna fishing, including legal fishing historically permitted inside the GMR, occurs within these waters. Including all complete and incomplete trips, petrels spent 37% of their time in high-seas waters without formal protection, outside both MPAs and EEZs. While some hot spots overlapped Galápagos MPAs, the far-ranging nature of chick-provisioning petrels underscores the importance for this species of also having coordinated, multinational protection of the high seas.

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